Record Number of Octopuses on British South Coast: 'Looks Like the Spanish Armada'
A record number of octopuses are being caught off the British south coast this summer. The Octopus vulgaris is mainly known from the warmer waters of the Mediterranean Sea and is popular among Spaniards and Greeks as food. But due to warmer seawater caused by climate change, the octopus has now massively arrived off the British coast.
The octopus has eight arms, three hearts, no backbone, and is considered by scientists to be a particularly intelligent creature. In the South English coastal town of Brixham, the arrival of the octopus has surprised and pleased fishermen, as it is quite profitable.
"We've never experienced this before," says Barry Young, the head of the fish market in Brixham. "When the first large octopus came in, we said: 'Wow, look at that thing!' But then hundreds and hundreds followed." On the record day this summer, there were 100,000 kilos of octopus at the fish market. A massive invasion. "It looks like the Spanish Armada," he jokes.
For the fishermen, it is a welcome financial boost, Barry Young explains. "So far this year, 2,500 tons of octopus have been sold in the entire harbor. That is probably worth about 13 million pounds. That is great for us."
For the crab and lobster fishermen in Brixham, it is less good news. The Octopus vulgaris eats about 8 percent of its own weight daily and prefers crabs and lobsters. Therefore, the shellfish fishermen see their catch declining.
Fish trader Ian Perkes knows how to deal with the octopus explosion: he freezes them and ships them to Southern Europe. "We are now being overwhelmed here by Spanish companies wanting to buy them," he says. In Mauritania and Morocco, they are now scarce, he explains. Probably the octopus has already eaten all the crabs there and that is why they are now here."
About 90 percent of the octopuses are exported because the British do not eat them, fish trader Perkes says. "Strangely enough, we do eat them when we are on holiday in Spain, but I don't see the average Brit cleaning and preparing them in their own kitchen."
The British mainly eat the 'big five': salmon, cod, tuna, haddock, and shrimp. The national dish fish and chips is prepared with cod or haddock. But perhaps it is time to love octopus as much as the Spaniards do, should the octopus remain in British waters in the long term.
According to biologist Bryce Stewart, it is likely they will stay. "Baby octopuses are already being seen. It appears that their entire life cycle is taking place in British waters, and that has never happened before."
Biologist Stewart of the Marine Biological Association links the arrival of the octopus to climate change. Just like on land, we have seen a heatwave in the water, he explains.
"In June and July, we sometimes had temperatures four to five degrees above normal." Most sea animals regulate their body temperature based on the water. The octopus likes warm water and moreover, there is plenty of food available here for it.
The arrival of the octopus has consequences for the entire underwater ecosystem, Stewart says. "It is a new reality we have to get used to." For example, you see that the octopus attracts larger predators, such as sharks, seals, and Risso's dolphins, which find the octopus a tasty protein snack.
Risso's dolphins have already been spotted with octopus in their mouths, he says. It throws everything underwater into confusion, says the biologist, and it is difficult to predict what underwater life will look like in the coming years.
When asked whether we should eat more octopus with these changing temperatures and changing sea life, an ethical question also arises: is the octopus too smart to eat?
There are YouTube videos of octopuses opening jam jars. And there is the documentary My Octopus Teacher about a diver who builds an emotional bond with an octopus.
According to fish trader Ian Perkes, the answer to whether we should eat them or not is quite simple: we have to catch them, because otherwise the octopus will simply eat all the lobsters and crabs here.