Due to the war with Iran, the world is searching for alternative routes to bypass narrow sea straits such as the Strait of Hormuz and Bab el-Mandeb. Many have now ended up at strategically located Syria, which has several ports on the Mediterranean Sea.
The eyes of the world are focused on this fragile country, which is still recovering from years of war and dictatorship.
That the search for alternative routes can offer new opportunities is clearly noticeable in the Syrian coastal area. A kilometers-long line of trucks full of oil from Iraq stands in the summer heat along the road to the port town of Banyas. Iraq started exporting crude oil via Syria this summer.
"We stood in line for four days to get here," says a relieved driver from Mosul in northern Iraq. His brand-new truck is unloading oil from the Iraqi port city of Basra at the outdated Syrian depot while he waits. "It is a new route, everything went smoothly, I felt safe on the way. This is my second time and I hope to drive this route many more times."
This Iraqi oil is therefore no longer exported via the Strait of Hormuz, but now goes overland via Syria to the Mediterranean Sea. "Four months ago, talks with Iraq began, fifteen days later we signed the contract and immediately started," says Ahmad Qabahji of the Syrian state oil company in his outdated office in Banyas.
"At a rapid pace, we went from ten to a thousand trucks per day. It is a big project."
Everyone is in a hurry
Qabahji is busy because many people want to speak with him about the possibilities here. Numerous projects are in the pipeline. Gulf states also show interest in the Syria route and everyone is in a hurry.
"It is going fast and much needs to be done," Qabahji continues. "We are starting from zero. We need new equipment and we are looking for knowledge and money."
He points to a map in his office showing the old oil pipeline that runs from the Iraqi city of Kirkuk to the port of Banyas. "Work is in full swing. This pipeline is much more effective than transporting oil by trucks on the road. Hopefully, we can put it back into use in two years."
The Syrian infrastructure has been neglected and is heavily outdated due to years of war, dictatorship, sanctions, and economic crises. The fragile security situation and unstable politics are also concerns for many foreign investors.
But necessity knows no law; everyone is looking for ways to become less dependent on the Strait of Hormuz. And so, here there are extensive talks with international investors about billion-dollar investments in pipelines, roads, railway tracks, and ports. Especially the United States and France show interest.
Boost for Syria
The oil the world needs will give the Syrian economy a boost. The new trade is a way back for the country towards the global economy. Once, before the civil war (2011-2024), Syria was already a hub for oil and gas.
"This will certainly contribute to providing employment for Syrian citizens, alongside the welcome influx of foreign currency," says Imad Ghafir, director of the port of Banyas. He talks about plans to renovate this port so that many more possibilities arise. "And if the Strait of Hormuz eventually reopens, this still offers opportunities."
Ghafir has seen the number of oil tankers increase enormously recently. "They stay here a few days off the coast and then sail to destinations all over the world, mainly to Europe."
"The oil sector is growing fast here and we are happy to be part of it," says the captain of the Greek oil tanker we board. He is very positive about the proceedings in Banyas. "They are hospitable and helpful. Although everything is outdated and it therefore takes longer than we are used to, we are satisfied. I feel safe here and I would like to come back soon. I prefer this over the Strait of Hormuz."