An iconic American passenger ship is being sunk in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Florida. For years there was debate about what should happen to the ship, which was taken out of service in 1969. Ultimately, it was decided that the ship should become the largest artificial reef in the world.
Around 8:40 PM Dutch time, the flooding of the 'S.S. United States' began, reported among others American media. The sinking is expected to take several hours. Supporters of the plan hope the vessel will provide shelter for underwater life. The ship is also intended to become a popular attraction for divers on the seabed.
Opponents believed the ship should be preserved as a historic monument. But their objections were legally rejected.
The vessel was purchased in 2024 by a party that wanted to convert the ship into a floating museum, but the group did not succeed. Since March 2025, the ship has been moored in the American city of Mobile, in the state of Alabama. Before the ship was sunk, loose objects and harmful substances and materials were removed from the ship. Once the ship is in place, the upper deck will be about eighteen meters below the water surface.
John F. Kennedy and the Mona Lisa
The ship crossed the Atlantic Ocean more than 800 times during the decades it was part of the American fleet. The rich and famous of that time sailed from the United States to Europe and back; on board were politicians, kings, and artists. Former US president John F. Kennedy once stepped onto the deck, as did celebrities Coco Chanel, Sean Connery, Marilyn Monroe, Salvador Dalí, and Walt Disney, according to the ship's website, which serves as a digital museum and archive.
Not only world stars sailed aboard. In 1963, Leonardo da Vinci's most famous work, the Mona Lisa, was shipped across the ocean to the United States for exhibitions in Washington D.C. and New York.
Speed record
The ship also holds a speed record. During its first transatlantic voyage in 1952, it crossed the ocean in record time. The journey from New York to English Southampton took three days, ten hours, and forty minutes. No other passenger ship has broken that record since. The ship was informally awarded the Blue Riband for this achievement.
The S.S. United States had a top speed of about 70 kilometers per hour. For comparison: the passenger ship Titanic could reach a maximum of 44 kilometers per hour.
Fireproof piano
The ship could reach that speed because more aluminum was used than in other ship projects. Aluminum is a light metal, which benefited the speed. The ship was designed by American naval architect William Francis Gibbs. The vessel was 301.8 meters long, over thirty meters longer than the Titanic.
Gibbs required the ship to be fireproof. Therefore, absolutely no wood was allowed. There was one exception: the wings on board were made of fire-resistant mahogany. One of the pianos was doused with gasoline beforehand, after which a test was conducted trying to set the instrument on fire by holding a match to it. The instrument did not burn.
On board the ship, no luxury was lacking. Besides the fact that piano could be played, there was plenty of food available. For the first voyage of the S.S. United States, 7,935 liters of ice cream and 227 kilograms of caviar were stocked.