More Russians Flee to Armenia: 'Everyone Is at Risk of Being Arbitrarily Detained'
In the center of Yerevan, you can sometimes feel as if you are in Russia. In the capital of Armenia, Russian is widely spoken and here and there Russian signboards even hang. That is no surprise, because Armenia is not only a popular destination for Russian tourists, but especially for people fleeing Russia out of fear of repression or mobilization.
Just like Andrei, a 19-year-old IT specialist who, after the parliamentary elections in September, after much deliberation, made the decision to leave his country, perhaps permanently. "It is clear that there are increasing restrictions on my freedom, that bad things are about to happen. It is hard to live constantly under tension while waiting for that."
It is no longer only about the fear of a new wave of mobilization, which has long been speculated about. Russia seems to have increasing difficulty recruiting contract soldiers for the front in Ukraine.
Gloomy future
The unrest also grows due to the ongoing persecution of dissenters, while blockades of tens of thousands of websites and local internet shutdowns make life in Russia considerably more difficult. The future looks extremely bleak for many, especially young Russians.
Currently, Armenia is estimated to have 50,000 Russians who have left their country for the reasons mentioned above, says human rights activist Jan Slovitski, who has been residing in Yerevan since 2022. He advocates for escaped Russians who have gotten into trouble for whatever reasons.
The Russian exodus has had several waves. The first followed immediately after the start of the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Later that year, Russian President Putin announced a partial mobilization. The decision led to great unrest in Russian society. Hundreds of thousands of men hurriedly left the country, among others to neighboring Georgia and also to Armenia.
Prices driven up
The exact number of people involved is not known. According to Slovitski, in 2023 there was talk of 1.3 million. Since then, some people have left and some have returned to Russia. They encountered problems with their residence status and finding housing or work upon emigrating.
Roughly since July of this year, there has again been an increase in the number of Russians turning their backs on their homeland for political reasons. In Armenia, the demand for housing has increased sharply in recent months, which has also driven prices up considerably. The same is happening in Georgia.
"The first two waves were driven by panic," says Slovitski. Now something else is going on. More and more people feel that the pressure is increasing and the risk of persecution is greater. "Everyone is at risk of being arbitrarily detained," says Slovitski. "That is why people are leaving."
It is notable that the average age of the recent newcomers is lower than that of the emigrants from the first wave. They also often have fewer financial resources at their disposal. For many, the flight is a leap into the unknown.
Welcome to Armenia
That they choose Armenia is no coincidence. Relations between Armenia and Russia are becoming more strained by the day due to Armenia's pursuit of closer ties with the European Union. The authorities in Yerevan have stated that Russians fleeing their country are welcome in Armenia.
Russians can travel to Armenia with an ordinary passport; they do not need a special travel passport. A visa or special residence status is not required. This gives the new emigrants a breathing space and time to settle here or to look further for a possible other destination.
The chance that Armenia will send people back to Russia is extremely small, which has happened in several other former Soviet republics, such as Kazakhstan. And — importantly — you can get by very well here with Russian.