The Nobel Prize in Chemistry goes to the Frenchman Henri Kagan and the Japanese Kenso Soai. They conducted research on the discovery of "non-linear effects and autocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis".
In somewhat more understandable Dutch: some molecules exist in two variants, which are mirror images of each other. If molecules are rotated one way, they can have a different effect than if they are rotated the other way. And yet they have the same composition.
Scientists call this left-handed and right-handed. For example, there is a cough suppressant which, when the molecules are reversed, is a painkiller. "Medicines can have the desired effect one way, but the other way they may have no effect or may even be harmful," states the committee.
Kagan (95) and Soai (76) discovered exactly how this works. Kagan took the first step with his 1986 research, in which he managed to manipulate chemical reactions. Soai built on this. In 1995 he discovered a chemical reaction in which only one of the two mirror images was formed.
In the series Breaking Bad, chemistry teacher Walter White also once explained this principle:
According to the Nobel committee, Kagan and Soai have found a solution to a "chemical mystery" more than a century old. "The chemical reactions they have developed are spectacular."
Soai, affiliated with the University of Tokyo, heard the news while he was shopping. He calls it one of the best days of his life.
Million euros
The winners receive, besides eternal fame, an amount of just over one million euros, which they have to share between the two of them. They may spend the money on whatever they want.
Last year, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry went to a Japanese, British, and American-Jordanian researcher. They researched so-called metal-organic frameworks. These are a kind of sponges that can slow down fruit ripening and separate PFAS from water.
Later this week, the Nobel Prize for Literature and the Nobel Peace Prize will still be awarded. Next week, the Nobel Prize in Economics will follow, although that is not really a Nobel Prize, because it was not invented by Alfred Nobel himself. The Nobel Prize in Economics has only been awarded since 1969, the others since 1901.