For Americans, according to President Trump, there is no other choice in the midterm elections in November: a vote for the Republicans is the only way to prevent a communist party from taking over the country. "They call themselves socialists, but actually they are communists," Trump says about the Democratic Party. It is a frame that the Republicans have been using strikingly often lately.
Trump used the word communism or communists no less than fifteen times this week in a speech at a Republican convention. Other Republicans warned of a "Bolshevik revolution" or of "the misery of failed workers' paradises like the Soviet Union, Caracas or Havana," referring to the left-wing regimes in Venezuela and Cuba.
The convention where the statements were made was specially convened to enthuse and mobilize voters to go vote in the midterm elections. Congress is at stake. Important for Trump, who struggles with low popularity ratings, to be able to carry out his agenda for the next two years as well. And so it is important to portray the blue Democrats as the red danger.
Red Scare
That communism is the enemy is not new in America. And the fear of communism has also been well-founded in the past. In the early 20th century there was indeed a communist party in America and there was even a branch that committed attacks and aimed to overthrow power. Later the influence of that branch diminished, but the fear of communism fully returned in the late 1940s and early 1950s when the United States and the communist Soviet Union faced each other in the Cold War. Those two periods became known as the Red Scare, the fear of the red communism.
"People who called themselves communist then were seen as supporters of the Soviet Union and I think that image was accurate," says Michael Kazin, professor of history at Georgetown University and expert in American politics. "But that created an image that everyone who was communist was also a spy for the Soviet Union."
Especially Senator Joseph McCarthy painted the picture that the Democratic Truman administration was full of communists, according to Kazin. "But that simply was not true." The often insane accusations led to people being wrongly labeled communist and careers being broken. It was also called McCarthyism, named after the senator.
In this case Trump refers to a movement in the Democratic Party that calls itself Democratic Socialists. Among others, the mayor of New York, Zohran Mamdani, and former presidential candidate Bernie Sanders are part of it.
According to Kazin, "there are only a few people within this movement who have sympathy for the old communist regimes, such as in China. Some are revolutionary and want to get rid of capitalism, but most, like Mamdani, you could call social democrats."
What they do want, according to Kazin, is fundamental economic change. "They think the US has become too unequal, find the country too militaristic and are critical of the support for Israel," he says. "And if you are a conservative Republican or Democrat, it is not surprising that some ideas of this movement do not appeal to you." But a communist revolution, as is said, they really do not stand for.
Aversion
Yet that is what Trump tries to make people believe. Whether his strategy works remains to be seen in November, but in capitalist America the aversion to another system is generally deep.
Kazin: "The US has historically been a successful capitalist country and I can therefore understand why Americans associate communism and socialism with something foreign and think that this has no place in America."