NASA has launched a new telescope that aims to give scientists more insight into dark matter and dark energy, as well as worlds beyond our solar system. The American space agency also hopes to find answers to the question of why the universe continues to expand.
It concerns the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, a NASA project costing 4 billion dollars. The telescope was launched today from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket. About half an hour later, the Roman telescope detached from the rocket.
The spacecraft is to map enormous parts of the universe over five years. Among other things, billions of galaxies will be observed. NASA also expects to discover hundreds of thousands of planets outside our solar system, called exoplanets. Currently, only about 6,000 have been discovered. Roman can also detect previously unknown black holes.
300 megapixels
The main instrument on board is a 300-megapixel infrared camera. Roman can produce images about as sharp as the aging Hubble telescope but can cover a much larger area. According to NASA, Roman can observe the universe a thousand times faster than Hubble. "What Roman observes in one month would take Hubble 100 years," says Julie McEnery, the telescope's chief scientist.
The satellite will among other things create a huge star map, in which individual shots are combined into one image. To fully display that, more than half a million 4K TVs would be needed, according to NASA.
An important goal is research into dark matter and dark energy. Since the Big Bang, about 13.8 billion years ago, the universe has been expanding. That process is accelerating, possibly due to an invisible force called dark energy by scientists.
Dark matter and energy
About 5 percent of the universe consists of ordinary matter from which stars, planets, and people are made. Approximately 27 percent is thought to be dark matter and about 68 percent dark energy. Roman must provide more clarity about both phenomena by studying very large numbers of galaxies.
The spacecraft will travel in about three months to the second Lagrange point, a position in space 1.5 million kilometers from Earth. The first images are expected early next year.
The telescope is named after the American astronomer Nancy Grace Roman (1925-2018). She was the first woman in a high position within NASA. She played an important role in the realization of the Hubble Space Telescope and is therefore sometimes called the 'mother of Hubble.'
NOS op 3 made this video about the Roman telescope on Friday: