Russians can vote for the lower house of parliament, the Duma, in the next three days. It is not discussed in the campaign and Russian President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly denied it, but rumors of a new mobilization after the elections are persistent. Not all Russian men feel at ease and take no chances: they flee to Armenia.
Until July, more than seventy thousand Russians had already entered Armenia, more than during the previous mobilization in 2022. Armenia is a country for which Russians do not need a passport or visa and where – due to the shared Soviet past – a large part of the population speaks fluent Russian. The Armenian government has also explicitly stated that it wants to help fleeing Russians to avoid their military service.
More Russians have left for Armenia than during the previous mobilization in 2022:
"It was actually a quick decision," says Ilya, who had been thinking about leaving Russia for much longer. He prefers to keep his last name secret. "Within a day and a half I packed my things and left Russia. On September 8 I arrived in Armenia."
Yevgenia also left together with her husband, out of fear that he would be called up. "There were many reports about a possible new mobilization. I gathered all the information and showed it to my husband. We decided to leave before the elections."
The men do not want to die on the front of a hopeless war. A war that many Russians no longer understand. "I can tell my child what is right and wrong," says Yevgenia. "But I also know that the teachers at school say what the authorities want. And they constantly instill in the children that the war is good."
The earlier mobilization, in 2022, caused great panic among many families in Russia. Thousands of men hid in the countryside or left for other countries, including Armenia.
Aid organization Kovcheg – 'The Ark' – organizes events for newcomers in Armenia. "The places are full within a day or two," says Jan Slovitski. "After 4.5 years you get used to the Russians in the city. When you walk around, you notice: I have seen this person before. But if you now enter a bar, you see new people."
Censorship
Dissatisfaction among the Russian population is increasing, says Russia-born political scientist Lisa Gaufman. "If you see how many drone explosions there are now on Russian territory as well: Russians can no longer avoid the war. That war is coming closer and closer. And many Russians want no more people to die, on both sides of the conflict."
Fear of a new mobilization is not the only reason why men leave Russia. Daily life problems also play a role, says Slovitski. "The rising (gasoline) prices, internet blocks and censorship, the lack of political and democratic rights. People have been leaving since May, but we see strong growth since July."
And that is noticeable in Yerevan, the capital of Armenia. Rent prices are still rising. Slovitski: "Rents first rose by about 30 percent, but now they are already talking about an increase of 50 to 60 percent for long-term rentals."
'Sleep peacefully'
Previously, Russian conscripted men were called up with a registered letter. Now a digital message is sufficient. Those who leave risk being arrested at the border. "I was applying for a new passport when I received a digital message from the government: my status in the military register had changed." He did not hesitate and left.
Recruitment posters of the army, which offers high salaries and sign-up bonuses, still hang everywhere in Russia. But Putin tries to reassure the Russians. "There is no scenario in which mobilization is necessary," he said this week. "This is an information attack by the enemy ahead of our elections. An attempt to influence the outcome."
Yevgenia calls it laughable. "Before the previous mobilization they said exactly the same: you can sleep peacefully, everything is fine." But not even a week had passed and the calls were already sent. "I think it will go the same way this time."