'The more children, the better' was for decades the motto within Moroccan families. Children were expected to take care of their parents later on. But now that Moroccan women have on average only 1.97 children, this deeply rooted family system is coming under pressure.
The birth rate in Morocco has never been so low. In the seventies, it was still very normal to have seven or eight children. Morocco is not alone in this: in other countries in the Maghreb the number of births is also dropping sharply. In Algeria, women have on average just under two children and in Tunisia only one and a half. This is well below the 2.1 children per woman needed to maintain the population in the long term.
In the run-up to last week's parliamentary elections, women's organization Azzahrae called on political parties to take measures to support families. The organization proposes, among other things, to offer young parents favorable government loans and to extend maternity leave for women, since more and more women have started working.
Not affordable
A survey in a park in the capital Rabat shows that many Moroccans see starting a family in 2026 as something unattainable. "Young people marry far too late because there are no jobs. Having children is a huge responsibility," says 55-year-old Fouad.
The cost of living and education are becoming increasingly expensive in the country. The 40-year-old Hanan is unmarried and has no children: "Even if someone earns 500 euros a month: how do you pay for groceries, healthcare and all other daily expenses after rent?"
Pensions and care under pressure
Economist Mohamed Jadri says it is five to twelve, but that politics still needs to be awakened. "The demand for healthcare will increase sharply, both in public and private hospitals." According to him, the other problem is the pension system: "Our pension funds are already under pressure. We are heading towards a situation where there is only one working person for every retiree."
If this continues, Jadri expects the composition of the Moroccan population to change. According to him, the country must therefore prepare for the arrival of labor migrants.
"Now you might call a Moroccan electrician, plumber or taxi driver," says Jadri. "But in the future, that person could just as well come from Egypt, Senegal, Mali or another African country. That social change will inevitably bring new challenges."
Who takes care of the elderly?
The shrinking Moroccan family not only causes problems in the near future. It is already visible in the desperate shortage of elderly care. Zakia Echbani is the director of the Ennassim nursing home in Casablanca, one of the few institutions in Morocco specialized in elderly care. According to her, the demand is enormous.
"In Morocco there is only one private nursing home, in Rabat. But that is connected to the French consulate. A new law allowing commercial nursing homes was passed in 2015 but has still not been implemented," Echbani explains.
"Therefore, we are not allowed to charge residents money. Our home is funded by government subsidies and donations," says Echbani. According to her, private elderly care is a sensitive issue in the North African country: "Morocco is an Islamic country and there is fear that people will place their parents in a home sooner once more possibilities exist."
Relying on elderly care is not self-evident in Morocco, especially because of the social stigma. This is also evident from the story of 75-year-old Jaouad Cbihi. He has been living happily in the Ennassim nursing home for two years now. Through connections, the childless Cbihi eventually ended up here.
"My production company went bankrupt due to the corona pandemic. After that, I lived in a hotel for at least two years. Eventually, the manager asked if everything was okay with me. Then I explained my situation to him," Cbihi recounts.
This led him to dare to talk about his problems, also with his family, and to be admitted to the nursing home.
Jadri thinks that due to cultural obstacles, nursing homes will not grow quickly despite the many applications. "Morocco is moving towards a middle ground: elderly people stay living at home while their children hire caregivers. One advantage of this is that it will create jobs."