Rita Wezenbeek vs. big tech: this Dutch woman fights against Musk and Zuckerberg
The European Commission announced this week that it will investigate whether Booking.com has done too little against fake advertisements and phishing. It is once again an attempt by the European Union to force tech giants like Google, Meta, and Amazon to comply with the law.
The person representing Europe against American tech companies of billionaires like Elon Musk, Mark Zuckerberg, and Jeff Bezos is the Dutch top official Rita Wezenbeek. And that is no easy task. Who is she and what is her strategy to tackle the tech companies?
Significant fines
Wezenbeek throws herself daily with a team of about 350 people from various countries into the enforcement of legislation. Partly under her leadership, the European Commission has already imposed hefty fines: 200 million on Meta, 550 million for AliExpress, and two fines for Google totaling 890 million euros.
These fines were imposed for violating two important European laws: the Digital Markets Act and the Digital Services Act. The first law, the DMA, aims to limit the power of large tech companies and ensure fair competition. And the DSA is intended to protect users against glorification of terrorism, hate speech, and disinformation, for example around elections.
And now Booking.com is also up next. "We suspect the company of taking insufficient measures to address online scams and fraud," explains Wezenbeek. The European laws require online platforms to combat such illegal content.
Phishing biggest problem
Earlier, Nieuwsuur revealed that the number of holidaymakers being scammed when booking accommodation via Booking.com has increased sharply. It concerns various forms of fraud, but phishing seems to be a major problem on the booking site. According to the European Commission, 66 percent of all online hotel reservations in Europe are made through the platform.
Wezenbeek explains how she approaches the investigation against Booking.com. "What we are going to do now is request more information from the company about how certain processes work. Then we will test to see if what the platform tells us is correct. For that, we create fake accounts, for example a fraudulent account, and then we see how quickly such an account is removed."
Booking.com tells Nieuwsuur it is fully cooperating with the European Commission.
Are fines deterrent enough?
Wezenbeek and her team also have many other files under their responsibility, from possible election interference in Romania to addictive algorithms on Instagram and TikTok. Many cases are still ongoing, but the legislation already leads to concrete results, for example that users must be able to turn off the algorithm. The Netherlands is leading in this, thanks to a case brought by Bits of Freedom.
The team of Wezenbeek also provisionally established that the algorithms of Facebook and Instagram are addictive and that Meta must adjust the design of both apps. But that addiction is also part of their business model. "If that is the case, then they must adjust it nonetheless," believes Wezenbeek. "There are a whole lot of activities that we do not approve of socially, those business models are."
Nieuwsuur visited Wezenbeek's office:
When technology companies do not comply with the rules of European laws, a fine of up to 6 percent of global turnover can follow. But due to the enormous annual figures of tech companies, it is questionable whether the fines have any effect.
"Generally, those fines are not quickly high enough to be truly deterrent," says Joris van Hoboken, professor of information law at the University of Amsterdam. Also, in practice, the fines are still always lower.
Wezenbeek indicates that the European Commission does have an additional pressure tool if a platform still violates the rules. "Under the DSA we can also impose 'penalty payments.' Then we say: you must comply now, otherwise we will impose periodic fines, so just until you finally comply."
Threatening words from Trump
The fines on big tech face resistance in the United States. For example, President Trump previously stated about the fine on Google of nearly 900 million euros that the European Union "will pay a very high price for this illegal and extremely unethical behavior" and that "significant import tariffs against the EU will be imposed as soon as possible."
Wezenbeek is not immediately frightened by those words. "We have the right to our own rules in Europe. This is part of the geopolitical discussion that also concerns other topics," she says. "We often have more users on those platforms in Europe than the United States. Thus, we contribute more to their revenue than the users in the US."