The new Israeli parliament, the Knesset, will be installed this afternoon. While coalition negotiations led by opposition leader Gadi Eisenkot have only just begun, he can already utilize the new power relations in parliament before a new government is formed.
The parties opposing Netanyahu have a majority with 67 of the 120 seats in the new parliament. Of these, 19 seats are held by the Arab parties. Although some opposition leaders in Eisenkot's camp do not want to form a government with the Arab parties, they can cooperate together in parliament. The Knesset is an independent state body that can function separately from the government.
Replacing the Speaker of Parliament
At the top of the opposition bloc's agenda is replacing the current speaker of parliament Amir Ohana, from Netanyahu's Likud party, with someone from Eisenkot's party. This will give the opposition more control over the parliamentary agenda and the handling of legislative proposals.
It is customary that the new speaker is only elected when a new government is formed. But the vote can be brought forward if at least 61 parliamentarians request it in writing. All parties from the opposition have already indicated they want to replace the current Knesset speaker.
Investigation into October 7, 2023
The next step is the establishment of a so-called 'Arrangements Committee.' This temporary body plays an important role in organizing the new parliament. Among other things, it can establish special committees that can handle legislative proposals even before permanent committees are formed.
Eisenkot has already stated that he wants to prepare legislation to establish a state commission of inquiry into the Hamas terror attack on October 7, 2023. This is an important election promise of the opposition bloc. Netanyahu has been opposing such an investigation for years.
In addition, Eisenkot wants to repeal a number of controversial legal reforms adopted under Netanyahu. For example, in March 2025, a law was passed under his government that gives politicians more influence over the appointment of judges. Eisenkot wants to reverse this law as soon as possible.
He also wants to limit the term of office for the premiership to a maximum of 8 years and to enact a law preventing persons facing criminal charges from becoming prime minister.
This could have consequences for Netanyahu because several criminal cases are pending against him, although the Supreme Court can block such a law. Critics may argue that the legislation is specifically aimed at Netanyahu and intended to exclude a political opponent.
It remains to be seen whether all laws will be passed. Although the opposition has a majority of 67 seats on paper, this does not mean that all parties will vote for every legislative proposal. The parties each have their own interests and political priorities. The coming period will therefore be a test of how united the opposition bloc can act.
Netanyahu Not Powerless
Meanwhile, Netanyahu remains head of the caretaker government and thus retains some powers. Especially in the areas of defense, national security, and foreign policy, Netanyahu's government maintains significant authority.
In practice, this means, for example, that Netanyahu is still authorized to have his government approve a new attack on Iran. No parliamentary majority is needed for this. The threat of a new war has been looming for weeks, but the ball currently seems to be with U.S. President Trump.
Eisenkot will meanwhile try to form a government as quickly as possible. Coalition negotiations officially started yesterday. While multiple paths can lead to a government, many election promises stand in the way. It is therefore uncertain whether he will succeed and how stable any government under his leadership will be.