UN selects new Secretary-General: how much authority does the position still hold?
This week, world leaders are gathering in New York during the United Nations General Assembly. On the agenda: choosing a new boss. The second term of Secretary-General António Guterres ends on December 31.
The election process with multiple rounds of voting has been underway for several months but has so far received little attention. Because how much authority does the position still have in a time when powerful world leaders are drawing influence to themselves and the UN increasingly seems like a toothless tiger?
Former D66 leader Sigrid Kaag has held high positions within the UN for years. She calls the highest position, that of Secretary-General, "perhaps the most impossible job in the world." "It is always navigating between the interests of great powers and the expectations of ordinary people. Because the UN Charter always speaks of 'we, the humanity.'"
In the last fifteen years, the UN has increasingly been sidelined, says Kaag. "It has lost relevance. When the UN speaks, it is no longer the case that everyone thinks: we have to do something about that."
UN expert Mark Goldberg agrees. He cites the recent ceasefire between the United States and Iran, which mainly came about with the help of Pakistan, as an example. "In the past, the UN would have taken the lead on that." Shortly after the truce, however, the fighting escalated again.
Role of great powers
Now that many major conflicts are ongoing, the UN could be of great significance. According to Goldberg, the reason this is not the case is mainly due to the attitude of the countries with a permanent seat on the UN Security Council, the highest UN body. "You see an increasingly intense geopolitical struggle between Russia, China, and the United States."
Those countries should "support" the organization, says Sven Koopmans, who was active for years as a UN peace negotiator. "Instead, they set the United Nations Charter aside."
Under Donald Trump's leadership, the US, the largest funder of the UN, has increasingly turned against the organization. Trump has stopped funding several UN aid agencies and regularly criticizes Guterres.
According to the experts, the biggest challenge for the new leader lies in this: he or she must try to counterbalance the great powers without completely alienating them.
A selection of candidates for the position:
First female leader?
There are no official rules about the region or gender of the new Secretary-General. However, geographic rotation is traditionally taken into account. Because of this, Latin America and the Caribbean are now considered the region due.
There is also a call to appoint a woman at the helm after 80 years of male leadership.
Not only in terms of authority has the UN seen better days. Kaag: "There is a major financial crisis ongoing." Member states do not pay contributions or pay them late. Although important financiers such as China and the US are catching up on arrears, there is still a billion-dollar shortfall.
Visibility
According to Kaag, the new leader must therefore become more visible. "If you are too reserved and risk-averse, you quickly sideline yourself as a leader." According to her, the UN does not have to lead every peace negotiation itself but must be relevant enough to be asked to participate. "It is an interaction."
Sometimes, she says, presence is enough, but sometimes the leader must also take risks.
"He or she must try to engage in talks with Trump, Putin, and Xi," Koopmans adds. "But also with the rebels in Yemen. It must be someone who is flexible and also willing to approach them." According to Koopmans, a charismatic person is needed for this.
According to Koopmans, the new leader must again express a clear vision. "It must be clear what the UN stands for. And that is primarily preventing major wars."
How does the election work?
Countries can nominate candidates. These candidates then present themselves to the member states. The fifteen members of the Security Council indicate in closed, informal voting rounds whether they encourage, discourage, or have no opinion about a candidate. Ultimately, a candidate must receive at least nine votes in a subsequent formal vote, without a veto from the US, China, Russia, France, or the United Kingdom. The Security Council then recommends a candidate to the General Assembly, where the 193 member states vote on the appointment.
Guterres's successor is expected to start on January 1, 2027.