At the climate summit in Turkey, there was a constant flow of world leaders. Calls to honor climate agreements, the disaster in Nepal, extreme weather, El Niño, and also geopolitical tensions marked their speeches. In the case of Prime Minister Jetten, it was national politics that colored his contribution to the summit: he completely stayed away from Antalya due to the problems he has at home with the tax plan.
At the start of the major international climate summit, heads of state, prime ministers, and high representatives traditionally traveled from all corners of the world to the conference to speak on behalf of their country. Major absentees, besides Jetten, were US President Trump, Indian Prime Minister Modi, and Chinese President Xi, although the latter did send a representative.
Of the world leaders who did attend, Brazilian President Lula attracted much attention. His presence is an unspoken relief for many attendees at the climate summit. Two weeks ago, he won the Brazilian presidential elections against his opponent, the radical right-wing Flavio Bolsonaro, who opposes climate policy. Lula, under whom the climate summit was organized last year, supports it all the more.
Geopolitical power struggle
Even before many other world leaders spoke, he expressed his annoyance that some of the largest greenhouse gas emitters did not come to the summit. "Climate change has disappeared from the speeches and policy documents of world leaders," said Lula. "We talk more about weapons and trade tariffs than about the survival chances of future generations."
"War and inflation are at our doorstep today, and because of that it is becoming increasingly difficult to focus on the future climate catastrophe," Lula said. "But the planet cannot be left to the whims of geopolitical power struggles."
Gaza
Yet it proved difficult to avoid such geopolitical tensions, as was already evident in the speech of the president of the new host country, Turkey. Erdogan devoted part of his speech particularly to the war in Gaza, which according to the Turkish president is the victim of both genocide and ecocide. "Centuries-old olive trees have been destroyed, soil and water are contaminated, and cities have been leveled."
This part of the speech received applause from some of the attending leaders, although there were also those who appreciated the sidetrack less. Among them, the President of the European Commission, Ursula Von der Leyen, did not applaud.
Iran
But Von der Leyen also did not keep geopolitics out of the picture. She spoke of a "summer of truth," referring to the many heatwaves and severe drought Europe has experienced, only to immediately move on to the Iran war. The closure of the Strait of Hormuz, she recalled, has greatly driven up energy prices.
President Pezeshkian of Iran spoke about nothing else but the conflict in his country and lashed out at Israel and the United States. "The environment is the silent victim of wars. The devastating impact will remain long after the conflict has ended." Peace, he said, is a prerequisite for environmental protection.
As President Stubb of Finland explains: while the 1.5-degree goal hangs by a thread, climate change threatens to be overshadowed on the international agenda. "We cannot solve the climate crisis without multilateralism," he said, referring to the necessity to jointly tackle a major problem like climate change.
Drought and floods
That call found particular resonance among the poorest countries, who expressed their concerns about drought and floods caused by climate change and El Niño. Almost none of them dwelled long on geopolitics. They demanded fair climate policy and the fulfillment of all agreements made. "In case you haven't noticed yet, the climate does not negotiate with geopolitics," summarized Prime Minister Mottley of Barbados their position.