Large-scale protests, looting, and police violence have gripped France for weeks. The unrest is also further sharpening political relations, just six months before the French presidential elections, which will also be of great significance for Europe as a whole.
Almost all parties point the accusing finger at the radical-left party La France Insoumise (LFI) as the instigator of the violence. The party is accused, for example, of not distancing itself from the anarchist anti-police slogan ACAB (all cops are bastards), which was frequently heard during the demonstrations.
Prime Minister Lecornu has summoned the parliamentary group leaders to calm the situation. The security around the presidential elections is also central to this.
Presidential candidate and LFI leader Jean-Luc Mélenchon has announced that his party will be present but threatens to disrupt the consultation. He wants to show that he will not be summoned by the prime minister.
Mélenchon refuses to accept the narrative that his party has fueled the violence. Instead, he accuses the government of not addressing the deep-rooted social and economic problems in the suburbs.
According to him, the responsibility for the unrest therefore lies with the government and the police, and other tensions such as the war in the Middle East also play a role. With this frame, he particularly appeals to young people.
Exhausted and weakened
The radical-right party Rassemblement National (RN) also profits from the popular anger. The unrest strengthens the position of presidential candidate Marine Le Pen, says France expert Niek Pas.
For Le Pen, the ongoing unrest is a perfect opportunity to profile herself as the champion of order and security against a government that has lost control of the situation, weakened and exhausted.
"At the RN party office, they are laughing their heads off," says Pas. "Le Pen does not have to do much to win votes, except radiate calm."
Two rounds
That Le Pen has the wind in her sails is also evident from a poll published this week. She emerges not only by far as the favorite for the first round of the presidential elections but also as the favorite for the second round. She seems set to win that, whoever her opponent may be.
France will go to the polls next year on April 18 for the first round of the presidential elections. Two weeks later, on May 2, the decisive second round will follow between the two winners of the first round.
NOS op 3 made this explainer about the unrest in France last week:
While the political flanks gain support, the social democrats and center-right lose ground. Raphaël Glucksmann (Place Publique), Édouard Philippe (Horizons), and Gabriel Attal (Renaissance, the party of President Macron) drop in the polls.
"Violence polarizes," says Pas. "It is precisely the political center that struggles with a convincing response to it. And that uncertainty is worrying. It underlines the deep crisis France is in: a social-societal, financial-economic, and political crisis."
Reckoning
Last Saturday, the violence completely got out of hand. Shops and supermarkets were looted and symbols of the republic suffered: the city hall of Limoges went up in flames and that of Marseille was stormed.
"October 17, Saturday, was Macron's reckoning, the evaluation of ten years of presidency," says Pas. The intensity is also because the elections are approaching. Political parties are responding and sharpening their strategies."
The parties on the flanks take the clearest positions and go into battle with each other, notes French political scientist and pollster Jérôme Fourquet. "They try to eliminate all other political forces that are in the center."
Fragmentation
Amid all the political violence, Macron appears powerless, analyzes political journalist Solenn de Royer of Le Monde. According to her, Macron does not understand what is going on in the minds of the rioters. Also, in his TV address after the riots, he did not come with concrete proposals to calm the unrest.
Moreover, Macron has little room to maneuver: his hands are largely tied without a majority in the Assemblée Nationale (the French lower house). Since the early parliamentary elections he himself called for in June 2024, the parliament is fragmented into three large, irreconcilable blocs.
Meanwhile, France is preparing for new protests next Saturday, or act II as the yellow vests call it. Because the police cannot handle it alone, the government also wants to call in the army's help. On October 31, act III will follow, the yellow vests have already announced.